A natural surfactant for endotracheal administration is indicated in the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. This disease is among the most common causes of neonatal death and is due to lung immaturity in pre-term newborns. Its active ingredient is a natural surfactant (Poractant Alfa) mainly composed of polar lipids and surfactant proteins. Since its introduction in 1992, Curosurf® has been used to treat over 1,000,000 newborns. Today it is available in 70 countries .